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Cambyses II
Cambyses II ((ペルシア語:کمبوجيه دوم); Aramaic כנבוזי, ''Kanbūzī'';〔''Aramaic Documents from Egypt: A Key-word-in-context Concordance'' By Bezalel Porten, Jerome A. Lund, p. 365〕 Greek Καμβύσης, ''Kambúsēs''; Latin ''Cambyses''; Medieval Hebrew כמבישה, ''Kambisha''〔David Flusser, ed. ''The Josippon (Gorionides ), Edited with an Introduction Commentary and Notes'', Jerusalem: Mossad Bialik, 1981, p. 48, 10:34. Note that in Rashi's commentary on Daniel 11:2, this name has been corrupted to במבישה, ''Bambisha'', due to the graphic similarity of the Hebrew letters Kaf and Beth.)〕) (d. 522 BC) son of Cyrus the Great (r. 559–530 BC), was King of Kings of Persia. Cambyses' grandfather was Cambyses I, king of Anshan. Following Cyrus the Great's conquest of the Near East and Central Asia, Cambyses II further expanded the empire into Egypt during the Late Period by defeating the Egyptian Pharaoh Psamtik III during the battle of Pelusium in 525 BC. After the Egyptian campaign and the truce with Libya, Cambyses invaded the Kingdom of Kush (located in what is now the Republic of Sudan) but with little success.
==Rise to power==
When Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon in 539 BC, Cambyses was employed in leading religious ceremonies.〔Nabonidus Chronicle〕 In the cylinder which contains Cyrus' proclamation to the Babylonians, Cambyses' name is joined to his father's in the prayers to Marduk. On a tablet dated from the first year of Cyrus, Cambyses is called king of Babylon, although his authority seems to have been ephemeral. Only in 530 BC, when Cyrus set out on his last expedition into the East, did Cyrus associate Cambyses with the throne. Numerous Babylonian tablets of the time date from the accession and the first year of Cambyses, when Cyrus was "king of the countries" (i.e., of the world).
After the death of his father in 530 BC, Cambyses became sole king. The tablets dating from his reign in Babylonia run to the end of his eighth year, in 522 BC. Herodotus (3.66), who dates his reign from the death of Cyrus, gives his reign a length of seven years five months, from 530 BC to the summer of 523 BC.〔For the dates, see Parker & Dubberstein, ''Babylonian Chronology''.〕
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